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Energy Audit: Where Exactly To Invest And Ramp Up Your Home’s Efficiency

Article content Building envelope People want a “one-size-fits-all solution and that doesn’t exist,” says Christopher Straka, principal with Ottawa’s Vert Design, a residential and commercial planning, design and development firm. Straka’s company designed Canada’s first certified passive home, which uses about one-tenth the energy for heating and cooling that a conventional Canadian house does.

Energy Audit: Where exactly to invest and ramp up your home’s efficiency Back to video

Every home has its own energy strengths and weaknesses, he explains, based on age, construction and other factors. Only an energy audit can pinpoint your individual energy issues.

Mr. Straka says that unless you’re building a custom home and can orient it for free heating from solar gain, your best bet is still tightening up the building’s envelope: caulking and weatherstripping to reduce leakage, adding insulation, and better windows and doors.

Article content Plugging air leaks and topping up insulation can save over $400 a year, according to energy provider Direct Energy. Upgrading insulation in a 1,200-square-foot attic costs about $1,200.

For insulation, anything less than R12 in the walls and basement, R20 for exposed floors and cathedral ceilings and R40 in the attic calls for upgrading, says Ross Elliott of Ottawa’s Homesol Building Solutions and a veteran home energy auditor and energy designer. “Going from R10 to R20 gives you the biggest boost: it’s the first few inches that are most important.” After that, the law of diminishing returns sets in.

Adding rigid Styrofoam to the outside walls can bridge thermal gaps, which are heat leaks where the fibreglass insulation is interrupted by studs, although you may need to remove the exterior cladding to do so.

Article content If you are replacing windows, opt for triple-glazed with low-E coatings and argon between the panes, Mr. Elliott says. They cost between 20% and 30% more but greater comfort and resale value are among the benefits.

Monster in the basement After the building envelope comes mechanical systems.

A high-efficiency furnace costs $3,000 [https://iagenergy.com/energy-audits/ home energy efficiency audits new york city] to $6,000 installed, but can shave more than $500 a year on heating bills if your current furnace is more than 20 years old, according to Direct Energy.

Natural Resources Canada’s Home Heating System Cost Calculator (oee.nrcan.gc.ca) lets you compare your existing system to other heating systems and fuel sources.

An aging air conditioning system can also suck up energy dollars.

Switching from a standard hot water system to a tankless (on-demand) type can slash $150 or more from annual costs for a family of four. It costs about $3,000 installed.

Article content Mr. Elliott suggests checking out condensing hot water heaters, which capture heat from burned gases for reuse, achieving more than 90% efficiency in the process.

He also ranks a heat recovery ventilator or other ventilation system as an essential investment for humidity control and healthy indoor air.

Despite the range of upgrade possibilities, “the answers aren’t that complicated,” Mr. Straka says.

“It’s a matter of looking at three or four different options and then reshuffling your deck of cards till you get what you want.”

Coincidentally, a recent study by the United States’ Shelton Group, a U.S.-based advertising agency specializing in green products and services, found the average homeowner needs to make about four improvements in energy efficiency for bills to drop.

Article content If you are planning to retrofit your home or are considering buying a resale home, NR-Can and Canada Mortgage and Housing Corp. have produced fact sheets that include recommended upgrades for 11 housing types in five regions of Canada: cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/co/renoho/reensa/reensa-001.cfm.

Other useful publications Planning Energy Efficiency Renovations for Your Home (oee.nrcan.gc.ca/residential/personal/retrofit-homes/planning/index.cfm?attr4) covers products, hiring contractors and the like. Keeping the Heat In (oee.nrcan.gc.ca) includes advice on how to retrofit.

Emerging technologies The National Research Council and NRCan are studying a raft of new energy-efficiency products including ultra-efficient Vacuum Insulated Panels (VIPs) with R values about five times that of conventional insulation.

Article content Other items on the test bench include mini-split heat pumps for heating and cooling. Unlike standard air-source heat pumps, which are only effective to about - 5 C, these will produce heat at - 20 C or colder.

NRCan and CMHC also recommend old-school technology such as awnings and roll shutters for south- and west-facing windows as an effective way to cut cooling costs.

And, as we all know, turning down the thermostat in the winter and turning it up during air conditioning season can save a bundle.

Energy-gobbling gizmos

hinkstock/Getty ImagesThe culprits? Everything from energy-gobbling appliances, like old beer fridges, to our bottomless appetite for more electronic devices in our homes. Many of those devices also have “always-on” features like clocks and instant-on capability that suck up power 24/7, accounting for five to 10 per cent of the power consumed in a typical Canadian home, according to NRCan.

Article content Among the biggest energy wasters are charging stations for cellphones and the like, says Hydro Ottawa spokeswoman Linda Bruce. “People plug them in and go to bed, but they keep drawing power all night.” Since it only takes three or four hours to charge a device, she suggests using a timed power bar ($24.99 at Canadian Tire) to cut power to the charging station entirely.

For more energy saving ideas, visit Ontario Power Authority’s site at saveonenergy.ca.

Also, check out NRCan’s online calculator for energy consumption by appliances (oee.nrcan.gc.ca).

Using Hydro Ottawa’s current electricity rates, the calculator shows, for example, a saving of more than $700 over 14 years by switching from a mid-to a high-efficiency clothes washer and using it during off-peak hours (7 p.m. to 7 a.m.).

Article content Even with the higher cost of an ultra-efficient appliance, rising electricity rates will mean increased savings. You’ll also use less water.

How to save Yes, little things do add up to big things when it comes to energy conservation. Here are some little energy-saving tips.

• Electronic devices continue to consume “phantom” or standby power even when not being used, adding 5% to 10% to your energy bill. Culprits include televisions and home theatre systems, computers (including monitors and printers), cellphone and other chargers and game consoles.

Solution: Plug the devices into power bars so you can cut the electricity supply when it’s not needed.

• Set-top boxes that bring cable and other services to your television are among the worst phantom power hogs. Depending on the number and configuration, they can consume more power than a central air conditioning system, according to a detailed New York Times article.

Article content They often can’t be unplugged because they take forever to reboot. Look for Energy Star models with the lowest phantom power consumption and minimize the number you own.

• When using a dishwasher, Ontario Power Authority suggests air drying your dishes, using the air-dry setting (or energy saver) option, or just leaving the door open. Visit saveonenergy.ca for more tips.

• Think twice before you buy a digital picture frame, or at least either unplug it when no one’s home or put it on a power bar with a timer.

The Electric Power Research Institute, a non-profit research group, estimates that if every household in America ran one digital picture frame around the clock, five additional power plants would be needed to operate them.

Article content • Air conditioners are among a home’s biggest energy hogs and units from the 1970s can use up to 50% more power than today’s models, according to the United States Department of Energy. Even 10-year-old systems can be 20% to 40% less efficient than new models. Look for Energy Star-certified units. As well, shade the condenser from the sun and keep it free from leaves and other debris to achieve maximum efficiency.

• Cut heating costs up to 5% by changing furnace filters every one to three months.

You know that old beer fridge may be wasting up to $125 a year in electricity. You also know that Ontario Power Authority will haul it away for free. But did you realize that dirty coils on the back or bottom of your fridge or freezer make it work harder? Vacuum them every couple of months, more often if you have a pet that sheds hair.

Check the seal on your refrigerator or freezer. Close the door on a piece of paper. If you can pull the paper out easily, replace the gasket.

• To maximize the life of CFL bulbs, leave them on at least 15 minutes, but then turn them off when you leave the room.

Contrary to what you may have heard, re-energizing bulbs uses minimal electricity.

For a guide to buying CFL bulbs, which is as complicated as choosing wine, see hydroottawa.com/residential/ saveonenergy/tips-andtools/lighting.

• Going on vacation? Consider un-plugging your refrigerator. Using timers on your indoor lights.