9 TED Talks That Anyone Working in Ship Navigation Audit Assessment Should Watch

2023-03-11T02:45:07Z

I3xbjqy760: Нова страница: „Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) combine two powerful techniques in order to provide the identification of compounds that have low detection limits and potential required for quantitative analysis. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analyses works on liquids, solid and gaseous samples but are primarily restricted to semi volatile and volatile compounds. Under Gas Chromatography, a sample is carried and volatilized and carried by the inter g...“

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) combine two powerful techniques in order to provide the identification of compounds that have low detection limits and potential required for quantitative analysis. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analyses works on liquids, solid and gaseous samples but are primarily restricted to semi volatile and volatile compounds.

Under Gas Chromatography, a sample is carried and volatilized and carried by the inter gases through a coated glass Capillary Column. The stationary phase is joined to the interior of the column and the amount of time it takes a specific compound of an element to pass through this column on to a detector is called its "Retention Time". These measurements are used for identification purpose when compared to references.

Under usual Mass Spectrometry or MS step under the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, the compounds leaving the GC columns are fragmented by the electron impact. These charged fragments are detected gradually and the subsequent spectrum obtained is used to identify the molecules. Fragmentation patterns are reproducible and thus, can be used to create quantitative measurements.

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis is performed on gases, solids and liquids. For gases and liquids, the samples are usually injected directly into the Gas Chromatogram. For the solid elements, the analysis is carried our through outgrassing or desorption, solvent extraction or pyrolysis. Desorption experiment is performed under the flow of helium gas at controlled temperature ranging between 40 to 300 degree Celsius. The analytes are then collected on a Cryogenic trap during desorption process. The sample chamber is a 1.25"x4" cylinder.

Pyrolysis is yet another sampling technique used for the analysis of materials that are impossible to be directly injected into Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Under this process, heat is directly applied to the sample that results in breaking down of the molecules in a reproducible way. These smaller molecules are then introduced in the Gas Chromatogram and analyzed by the GC-MS. By this method, probe temperatures of up to 1400ºC can be used.

Several other sampling methods and sample preparation are available such as static headspace analysis, derivatization, purge and trap, Solid Phase Microextraction etc. having applications based on species of interests and sample types.

Strengths

Ideal Uses

Limitations of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Advantages

GC MS has long been considered to be the Gold Standard for all sorts of analytical laboratories. It is a strong analytical tool that uses time for the chemical elements to travel through the GC column, the retention time as compared to known standards to identify the chemical. It is a good technique for simple mixtures and for situations where the chemicals of concern are known and calibrated before running samples. Though there are advantages and disadvantages of all the process but together these factors are helpful in evolution and advancement of laboratory processes and identification of elements.

Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) is a process in large Organisations where the Companies integrate [http://talaja.rackons.com/user/profile/777666 Ship Navigation Audit Assessment] Social and Environmental concerns in their Business. In some cases, Companies do this as mandated by Company laws and in some cases, it is an initiative by the Company. In either case, the management has to setup a separate committee, a governing body and a group of volunteers to look after the CSR function.

Planning & Need of Assessment: Before getting into the details of the CSR activities, proper planning is required along with the budget. The roles and responsibilities of the committee members should be decided and the first task of this initiative is need assessment for the CSR Project. Without assessing the exact needs of the community, the project doesn't remain sustainable and the impact also would be minimum. The socio-political impact, environmental issues, condition of infrastructure, health facilities, education awareness and level, availability of food and water, public transport &sanitation requirements are to be assessed before the CSR project kick-off.A thorough need assessment is required to make it effective for the community and to showcase the corporate philanthropy. The context of the initiative is important for the society at large to see the benefits.

Recurring Assessment: It is important to outline the pre and post project scenarios to make sure that the project is going to improve the community's social well-being after implementation. In many cases, this does not remain a one-time activity and the progress needs to be tracked along with the assessment of expected outcome. This means that the assessment is going to be a continuous process at frequent intervals. The change in community needs is also an important factor.

How to conduct Need Assessment?

There are multiple ways the Companies can conduct this need assessment. As the required skills, manpower and time may not be available with the Company, most of them prefer to approach a CSR consultant and conduct this assessment. Whatever is the method chosen for assessment, some basic steps are always required to be performed.

Research: Internet-based research is the first thing is today's World to start any new project and the same applies to a CSR Project also. With the ease of finding information on the internet, you need to find out all available information about the need of particular town, area, or community through various reports and news. There is no need to reinvent the wheel and you can always refer to the authentic reports created and published by Government or NGOs.

Talking to Individuals: Surveys are an important part of any social need assessments and talking to people on the ground is extremely important. Using your own volunteers to go on field and note down the question-answer sessions or recording them is going to provide some valuable feedback. Based on the location and availability of the internet, you can also use technology to capture the field data.

Talking to Groups: Focus Group discussions are an effective way to find out common issues like lack of Health facilities or scarcity of drinking water. You will always find local groups of politicians, activists, environment protection groups, etc. who will be working in the particular area and taking their views into consideration is important.

Use of available Assets: You should be aware of the assets like natural resources, manpower, environmental conditions, work already performed by other organisations or Government to resolve a particular issue, etc. This information strengthens your assessment needs in a way that you can use and map the assets in the benefit of the project and community.

Stakeholder engagement:There are multiple stakeholders involved in a community project. The funding Company, Local Government, Local politicians and most important are the community for which the project is going to be implemented. Involving all of them and engaging them is an important task for the success of the project.

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9 TED Talks That Anyone Working in Ship Navigation Audit Assessment Should Watch